Jerdon’s Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus) is a critically endangered nocturnal bird primarily found in the Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary (SLWLS), Andhra Pradesh. Last recorded in 2008, its habitat has undergone significant changes due to human activities. This study focused on habitat monitoring, camera trapping, nocturnal call listening, and community awareness to assess its status and guide conservation efforts.

Vegetation sampling was conducted in 474 plots between October and December 2023, comparing data with previous surveys from 2007 and 2013. The results showed a decline in large bush cover while small bushes increased, indicating ecological shifts. A habitat suitability model was developed to identify potential areas for future searches. Camera trapping from August 2024 to February 2025 covered 7,992 nights, capturing 754,920 images. Although no Jerdon’s Courser was detected, 38 bird species and 20 mammal species, including the endangered Dhole, were documented.

Conservation efforts will continue with expanded camera trapping and acoustic monitoring in new locations, including Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary and Udayagiri RF. Community engagement programs will also be strengthened to raise awareness about habitat conservation and reduce hunting pressures.

Detecting Jerdon’s Courser remains challenging, requiring a combination of habitat modelling, camera trapping, and passive acoustic monitoring. Future efforts will integrate automated detection tools and expand surveys in suitable habitats, ensuring a comprehensive conservation strategy.