The Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis) is one of the world’s rarest amphibians and is found only in the Kihansi Gorge of southern Tanzania. Following major habitat changes associated with hydropower development, the species disappeared from the wild and survived only through captive breeding and reintroduction efforts coordinated by Tanzanian and international conservation partners. Despite encouraging recovery efforts, reintroduced populations remain highly vulnerable to chytrid fungal disease, habitat instability, and environmental changes affecting the unique spray wetland ecosystem required for the species’ survival. Recent ecological assessments have also identified the nearby Lufulutonya wetland as a promising additional refuge with environmental conditions similar to the original Kihansi habitat. This project, led by the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) in collaboration with TANESCO and the University of Dar es Salaam, will strengthen long-term conservation of the species through field disease surveillance, micro-climate and water-quality monitoring, genetic assessment of reintroduced populations, and community-based ecological monitoring. The project will support early detection and management of chytrid outbreaks, improve understanding of habitat conditions critical for survival, and guide future restoration and reintroduction strategies. Local communities will also be engaged through awareness and participatory monitoring activities to strengthen long-term stewardship of the Kihansi ecosystem. Findings from this work will contribute to Tanzania’s amphibian conservation efforts and support development of a broader long-term recovery framework for threatened amphibian species.