The main objectives of this project are: • To update the known distribution of Nathanella indica based on the extensive surveys in Tamil Nadu and records of its occurrence in published sources • To investigate the habitat preference of the nymphs through a quantitative benthic survey, with a particular emphasis on the association of nymphal occurrence and environmental conditions • To investigate the genetic structure of the species employing DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial COI gene fragment to assess genetic structure within and between localities • To evaluate the conservation status and requirements of the species using the new information we present